Organized Crime - Models of Money Laundering

In the late 1990s and the early years of the century, the national financial system widened eyes seen a system of alternative care or virtual, using this second case, the support of trade and tech sectors (supermarkets, lotteries, fuel distributors), especially with the popularity of so-called Internet Banking service, whose support is a global network of computers. The progress made by banks, which allowed a significant improvement in the positions of the electronic services available to users. Arrangements for home banking and Internet banking using the Internet as a medium, allowing the end of 2000 - according to data released by the study of such automated transactions now account for 74.7% of the total, if well in the presence of officials in the agencies or by phone, now represent only 25.3%. In this new reality, the hours are determined by a general protocol for more than two thirds of the clients served by the system. The ends, or as the study says, "the time of treatment in a smaller number of organisms determines the volume of services provided to customers, with increasing intensity of use of all available channels and larger periods, many full time. " Neural networks are a technology available in the study of artificial societies, which will also include genetic algorithms, artificial intelligence, agents tutorials, expert systems, case-based reasoning, genetic programming, among others.

Consequently, an option to choose a type of neural network (back propagation), has to do directly with the problems of research: conceptually describe a neural network can recognize patterns typical of internationally defined indicators that characterized the practical first step of the crime of money laundering in the financial system. The "Back-model? propagation is a type of neural network most commonly used today was developed by Paul in 1974, as the object of research for his doctorate. But only in 1986, popularized earlier by error propagation. Its main features are: a) has a high degree of connectivity, b) uses the learning process under the supervision of a backpropagation algorithm error (copy error propagation), c) of these attributes, this topology becomes high-power complex. Based on typical cases of crimes against the financial markets, with a clear intention to wash the dirty capital, intend to hold a training network, based on a fundamental error and the propagation algorithm work towards convergence network that can be used in the formulation of policies for prevention, intelligence and the fight against organized crime.

It also believes that the basic problem for criminals to launder money and hide and move large sums of cash, which is the basis to cover an entire operation.

According to international definition, adopted by the Egmont Group in 2000, has been a breakdown of the international money laundering cases in six categories: a) the blinding of company structures, b) Misuse of legitimate businesses, c) use of false identities and documents of proof and the railway (the popular "orange"), d) Operation of the jurisdictional issues, e) Use of assets to the carrier f) Use of an effective exchange of information. These categories were defined from a large study, compiled from the last hundred representative cases of money laundering. The most frequently observed in this context are the following: a) Large cash movements b) Transfer atypical or non-justification of the resources and foreign jurisdictions c) Trade or business outside d) large movements and / or resources to rapid e) The wealth incompatible with the client profile, f) the defensive on issues. This is briefly the theoretical universe in which you want to analyze the issue under study, taking into account the need to review the concept of organized crime and the criminal organization. The world of "capo di tutti Cappo" threw their arrows at the heart of contemporary society, the links of its agents and public institutions, to participate with their tentacles of Hydra, "Ziegler writes (1990, p.

93): The players know it is death: his carefully criminal organizations so that their various activities take place in the territories of the different legal systems. Example: The laboratories are exceptionally refined only in the production of raw material (coca paste, morphine base, etc..), A sponsor, the supreme leader of a cartel, rarely operate in the region in which the wholesalers, washing dirty money, recycling, its accumulation are in states where the drug and, therefore, very vulnerable to an organization's bulk sales are weak. Weapons and drugs walk the same path in opposite trajectories, which is as the main products of criminal organizations, the most profitable and lucrative. On the overall impact of the companies in the world of illicit money laundering systems capital, there is another point of view expressed by Arlacchi (2002): The great mass of goods that the world financial market is important money speculators. Contrary to popular belief, not drug trafficking, weapons and humans. 50% come from tax evasion (the big multinational companies and wealthy individuals), 30 and 40% are the result of corruption of the political authorities, only 10 and 20% are criminal organizations that operate primarily on drugs, weapons and human beings.

The detail is important whatever the origin, is a washing of the banks. To understand how this was a criminal organization operating in the financial system space, accounting or not with the active participation of governments and bankers, is to think a network system (horizontal "architecture" of power) highly irreversible, time-space vectors are modified to reduce the signal of motion of a hundred miles the point of origin of that particular situation. Finally, to identify and analyze the concept of organized crime. Since the beginning, is that Franco (2002, p. 21) writes: The definition of organized crime is difficult, but its essential elements are: a) is a multinational, b), reflects the shortcomings of the prison system, from its organizational structure and its strategy for global action, c) their results in a strong social damage, d), performs a variety of crimes, with a diffuse victimization or not, e) is prepared with modern technological tools, f) maintains connections with other crime groups, although disorganized g) provides connections to the people who occupy official positions in the social, economic and political h) generally used for acts of extreme violence; i) use a mechanism that allows you to benefit from the inaction or weakness of the organs.

The conceptual distinction on crime is intended, above all, play some light on a huge gray area that the staff of the narco-world created in the interaction with typical business organizations, agencies of the rule of law, highly qualified professionals - from different areas of knowledge, cultures and appropriation of reproduction to scientific and technological development.